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A case for 80% lowers.

"AR-15s, as we speak today, do not have a receiver by the definition of the existing law and that's a huge issue,"

Under the US Code of Federal Regulations, a firearm frame or receiver is defined as: "That part of a firearm which provides housing for the hammer, bolt or breechblock, and firing mechanism, and which is usually threaded at its forward portion to receive the barrel."

The AR-15 lower receiver does not have a bolt or breechblock and is not threaded to receive the barrel,
 
Here's what the judge wrote that freaked out the ATF:

https://armsandthelaw.com/Roh, Ruling on AR-15 receivers.pdf

There's some legal analysis here:

https://armsandthelaw.com/archives/2019/10/atf_drops_case_.php

TL;DR

This isn't an actual ruling, it's what the judge was getting ready to rule. Apparently he was ready to say that defining an AR-15 lower as a receiver goes against the legal definition; on top of that, the proper procedures weren't followed to issue that kind of a definition so that it would actually have legal force.

No wonder the ATF didn't want this to become official and decided to drop the case.
 
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