If you're forced (like most everyone) to have a debit card with some Visa/MC payment option on it, as you say-- no fraud protection.Who uses a debit card in 2023? Virtually zero protection from fraud.
Call the bank and get the credit limit set to zero. You'll have to do this every time you get a new card (since they expire, thank you George Bush!), but it does prevent the card's use without requiring the PIN.